''Knowing the past, we can make wise
choices for a brighter, and more positive future.''
| 1520 | The Spanish explorer Hernan Cortes is driven from Tenochtitlan and retreats to Tlaxcala. | |
| 1609 | The Catholic states in Germany set up a league under the leadership of Maximilian of Bavaria. | |
| 1679 | The British crown claims New Hampshire as a royal colony. | |
| 1776 | The statue of King George III is pulled down in New York City. | |
| 1778 | In support of the American Revolution, Louis XVI declares war on England. | |
| 1850 | Millard Fillmore is sworn in as the 13th president of the United States following the death of Zachary Taylor. | |
| 1890 | Wyoming becomes the 44th state. | |
| 1893 | Dr. Daniel Hale Williams performs the first successful open-heart surgery, without the benefit of penicillin or blood transfusion. | |
| 1925 | The trial of Tennessee teacher John T. Scopes opens, with Clarence Darrow appearing for the defense and William Jennings Bryan for the prosecution. | |
| 1940 | Germany begins the bombing of England. | |
| 1942 | General Carl Spaatz becomes the head of the U.S. Air Force in Europe. | |
| 1943 | American and British forces complete their amphibious landing of Sicily. | |
| 1945 | U.S. carrier-based aircraft begin airstrikes against Japan in preparation for invasion. | |
| 1951 | Armistice talks between the United Nations and North Korea begin at Kaesong. | |
| 1960 | Belgium sends troops to the Congo to protect whites as the Congolese Bloodbath begins, just 10 days after the former colony became independent of Belgian rule. | |
| 1962 | The satellite Telstar is launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida, beaming live television from Europe to the United States. | |
| 1965 | "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" becomes the Rolling Stones' first No. 1 single in the USA. | |
| 1967 | Singer Bobbie Gentry records "Ode to Billie Joe," which will become a country music classic and win 4 Grammys. | |
| 1976 | In Seveso, near Milan, Italy, an explosion in a chemical factory covers the surrounding area with toxic dioxin. Time magazine has ranked the Seveso incident No. 8 on its list of the 10 worst environmental disasters. | |
| 1985 | Coca-Cola Co. announces it will resume selling "old formula Coke," following a public outcry and falling sales of its "new Coke." | |
| 1991 | Boris Yeltsin is sworn in as the first elected president of the Russian Federation, following the breakup of the USSR. | |
| 1993 |
Kenyan runner Yobes Ondieki becomes the first man to run 10,000 meters in less than 27 minutes.
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Born on July 10
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| 1509 | John Calvin, Protestant religious leader, founder of Calvinism. | |
| 1830 | Camille Pissarro, French painter. | |
| 1834 | James Abbott McNeill Whistler, painter. | |
| 1871 | Marcel Proust, French novelist (Remembrance of Things Past). | |
| 1875 | Mary McLeod Bethune, educator, founder of Bethune-Cookman College and the National Council of Negro Women. | |
| 1905 | Ivie Anderson, jazz singer. | |
| 1915 | Saul Bellow, writer. | |
| 1920 | David Brinkley, broadcaster. | |
| 1927 | David Dinkins, first African-American mayor of New York City. | |
| 1931 | Alice Munro, Canadian writer (Open Secrets, Friend of my Youth). | |
| 1933 | Jerry Herman, songwriter. | |
| 1943 | Arthur Ashe, American tennis player. | |
| 1947 | Folk singer Arlo Guthrie ("Alice's Restaurant," "City of New Orleans"), son of Woody Guthrie. | |
| 1965 | Alexia, princess of Greece and Denmark. | |
| 1980 | Adam Petty, race driver, first fourth-generation driver in NASCAR history; his death in 2000 contributed to NASCAR's decision to mandate a kill switch on steering wheels. | |
MUCH MORE HISTORY
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